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| Registros recuperados: 15 | |
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| Fafchamps, Marcel; Gabre-Madhin, Eleni Z.. |
| Based on original trader surveys, this paper examines how agricultural traders operate in Benin and Malawi. Results indicate that the largest transaction costs are search and transport. The use of modern technology is limited. Search methods rely principally on personal visits by the trader, and quality control requires the presence of the trader at the time of purchase. This increases costs, as the trader has to travel a lot, and makes it difficult for trading enterprises to grow. Since enterprises remain very small, personal transport and search time represent a non-negligible share of marketing costs. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Traders; Transaction costs; Transport; Storage; Search; Marketing. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57022 |
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| Fafchamps, Marcel; Quisumbing, Agnes R.. |
| This paper investigates how the control and devolution of productive assets are allocated among husband and wife. Theory predicts that bargaining power within marriage depends on the division of assets upon divorce (exit option) and on control over assets during marriage (noncooperative marriage). In empirical applications, bargaining power is typically proxied by variables such as dowry payments, assets brought to marriage, and ownership of assets within marriage. Using detailed household data from rural Ethiopia, we show that assets brought to marriage, ownership of assets, control within marriage, and disposition upon death or divorce are only partly related (strictly speaking, surveyed households do not “own” land since all agricultural land is legally... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16384 |
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| Fafchamps, Marcel. |
| This paper examines the allocation of productive resources within rural households of poor countries. Building upon the existing literature, it provides a consistent framework from which to study productive efficiency and intrahousehold equity. The topics discussed include returns to scale and household centralization; specialization and gender casting; separate spheres and commitment failure; labor market cartelization and discrimination; and the provision of home public goods in the presence of free riding. We show that intrahousehold productive inefficiency should not arise unless household members are prevented from entering into enforceable side contracts. Our analysis predicts that intrahousehold inefficiency increases with factors that exacerbate... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94856 |
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| Fafchamps, Marcel; Gabre-Madhin, Eleni Z.; Minten, Bart. |
| Using detailed trader surveys in Benin, Madagascar, and Malawi, this paper investigates the presence of increasing returns in agricultural trade. After analyzing margins, costs, and value added, we find little evidence of returns to scale. Motorized transport is found more cost effective for large loads on longer distances. But transporters pool quantities from multiple traders. Margin rates show little relationship with transaction size. Personal travel costs are a source of increasing returns, but the effect is small. Consequently, total marketing costs are nearly proportional to transaction size. Working and network capital are key determinants of value added. Constant returns to scale in all accumulable factors--working capital, labor, and network... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16136 |
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| Pender, John L.; Fafchamps, Marcel. |
| This paper develops a theoretical model of land leasing that includes transaction costs of enforcing labor effort, risk pooling motives and non-tradable productive inputs. We test the implications of this model compared to those of the - Marshallian - (unenforceable labor effort) and "New School" (costlessly enforceable effort) perspectives using data collected from four villages in Ethiopia. We find that land lease markets operate relatively efficiently in the villages studied, supporting the New School perspective relative to the other two models. Land contract choice is found to depend upon the social relationships between landlords and tenants, but differences in contracts are not associated with significant differences in input use or output value per... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Land lease markets; Land tenure; Sharecropping; Agricultural efficiency; Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16045 |
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| Pender, John L.; Fafchamps, Marcel. |
| This paper develops a theoretical model of land leasing that includes transaction costs of enforcing labor effort, risk pooling motives and non-tradable capital inputs. We test the implications of this model compared to those of the "Marshallian" (unenforceable labor effort) and "New School" (costlessly enforceable effort) perspectives using data collected from four villages in Ethiopia. We find that land lease markets operate relatively efficiently in the villages studied, supporting the New School perspective. Land contract choice is found to depend upon the social relationships between landlords and tenants, but differences in contracts are not associated with significant differences in input use or output value per hectare. We find that other... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19796 |
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| Fafchamps, Marcel; Minten, Bart. |
| This paper studies liberalized grain markets in Madagascar and examines how property rights are protected and contracts are enforced among agricultural traders. We find that the incidence of theft and breach of contract is low and that the losses resulting from such instances are small. This, however, does not result from reliance on legal institutions -- actual recourse to police and courts is fairly rare, except in cases of theft -- but from traders’ reluctance to expose themselves to opportunism. As a result, Malagasy grain trade resembles a flea market, with little or no forward contracting and high transactions costs. The dominant contract enforcement mechanism is trust-based relationships. Trust is established primarily through repeated interaction... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Marketing; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102523 |
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| Fafchamps, Marcel; Hill, Ruth Vargas; Minten, Bart. |
| Using original data collected about growers, traders, processors, markets, and village communities, we compare the situation in four states – Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Orissa. We examine the way that information about crop attributes is conveyed (or not) along the value chain. We also document the infrastructure available at the level of the market. We find that little information circulates about unobservable crop characteristics. Growers receive a price premium when they dry, grade, and pack their produce, but we find no evidence that information about crop health and safety or agricultural practices circulates through the value chain or that growers are encouraged to follow specific agricultural practices for quality purposes. Market... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food marketing; Food safety; Food quality; Value chain; India; Marketing. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42396 |
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| Fafchamps, Marcel; Minten, Bart. |
| This paper documents the role that personal relationships play in economic exchange. Original survey data show that agricultural traders in Madagascar perceive relationships as the most important factor for success in their business. Evidence details the extent to which relationships are used to serve a variety of purposes such as: the circulation of information about prices and market conditions; the provision of trade credit; the prevention and handling of contractual difficulties; the regularity of trade flows; and the mitigation of risk. Of these, the regularity of supply and demand and the sharing of risk appear particularly important. Larger and more prosperous traders are those with quantitatively and qualitatively better relationships. Family plays... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Marketing. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102526 |
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| Fafchamps, Marcel; Minten, Bart. |
| Using data on agricultural traders in Madagascar, this paper shows that social capital has a large effect on efficiency. Better connected traders are shown to have significantly larger sales and gross margins than less connected traders after controlling for physical and human inputs. The analysis indicates that three dimensions of social network capital should be distinguished: relationships with other traders, which help firms economize on transactions costs; relationships with individuals who can help in times of financial difficulties, which insure traders against liquidity risk; and family relationships, which reduce efficiency, possibly because of measurement error. Social network capital enables traders to deal with each other in a more trustworthy... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Marketing. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91851 |
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| Fafchamps, Marcel; Quisumbing, Agnes R.. |
| Using detailed data from rural Pakistan, this paper investigates whether human capital, learning by doing, gender, and one's status within the family affect the division of labor within households. Results suggest the presence of returns to individual specialization in all farm, nonfarm, and home-based activities. The intrahousehold division of labor is influenced by comparative advantage, based on human capital and by long-lasting returns to learning by doing, but we also find evidence of a separate effect of gender and family status. Households seem to operate as hierarchies with sexually segregated spheres of activity. The head of household and his or her spouse provide most of the labor within their respective spheres of influence; other members work... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94514 |
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| Fafchamps, Marcel; Minten, Bart. |
| This paper investigates the relationship between theft and poverty in rural areas. Following a disputed presidential election, fuel supply to the highlands of Madagascar was severely curtailed in early 2002, resulting in a massive -- if temporary -- increase in poverty. This situation constituted a natural experiment of the effect of poverty on theft. Using original survey data collected in June 2002 at the height of the crisis, we find that crop theft increases with poverty and that an increase in law enforcement personnel reduces cattle theft, a form of organized crime. Results suggest that theft is used by some of the rural poor as a risk coping strategy. Increased transport costs led to a rise in cattle and crop theft, suggesting that isolation raises... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25902 |
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| Registros recuperados: 15 | |
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